Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University

Brief portrayal/venture reason The principle motivation behind the undertaking is to build a cutting edge football pitch for utilization of the understudies at Coventry University, which will limit the expense of leasing play areas and benefit simple access of the office for the understudies. Right now, the college understudies encounters lacking football and pitch offices gave by Coventry University.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More also, the current office doesn't offer modernized types of assistance that pull in more prominent cooperation of the understudies. To accomplish the goal of guaranteeing most extreme understudy investment with an expected 60%, Coventry University ventures to introduce phenomenal games and football office with a broad practice and seating limit. The venture will be exclusively supported by Coventry Universi ty got from its accessible assets. The college will redistribute the development and consultancy administrations from the outer suppliers. Be that as it may, the University building and HR offices will serve to fill the work and mastery holes with a perspective on diminishing the venture costs. Proclamation of necessities The fundamental issues anticipated for arrangement by the venture The task will address the difficulties confronting understudies at Coventry University. These issues incorporate the accompanying: The understudies have persistently needed satisfactory and present day football pitch and offices provided by Coventry University. This circumstance has since brought about low or poor college positioning dependent on understudy study results to evaluate their fulfillment levels concerning administration conveyance of the Coventry University. Significant expenses for understudies wishing to get to present day and effective football pitch offices stay a prominent issue. Ov erviews demonstrate that albeit a generally enormous number of understudies search out outer administrations to rehearse; accordingly the foundation of the football grounds inside the college will limit the threats related with remotely uncontrolled dangers. Crumbling of football and related ability in the University following need o appropriately established playing and field offices. The college support in football match-ups has stayed insignificant with horrible showing because of absence of ability growth.Advertising Looking for coursework on venture the executives? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current poor playing and practice office has prompted low understudy investment. Along these lines, the University’s acknowledgment of this approaching circumstance requires the development of the football pitch the meets the present and future requests for understudies and the world’s football necessities on the loose. Requirements of the undertaking The basic issues distinguished by the task takes into account a basic assessment of the necessities appropriate to settling them. The following is a rundown of requirements that the venture must address with a point of taking care of the issues: The undertaking for the development of the football pitch office must be situated close to the University premises for simple access of the understudies. The task must give further developed and quality football pitch that will lessen strain on the current office gave by Coventry University. The proposed development should offer moderate additional offices for the understudies than those gave by the metropolitan and private financial specialists around. This targets guaranteeing an arrival on speculation inside the practical venture time frame. The venture Opportunities The undertaking can give various chances to the partners, including the clients, supports and the customer if all around finished according to the practicality study directed by the task lead group. A portion of the open doors foreseen after the fruitful finish of the venture incorporate the accompanying: Judges and Sons development will be profoundly certify on the off chance that they complete the task inside the three principal parts of value, time span, and financial plan. For this situation, the organization will profit by future advancements inside the college and outside developments. This open door will recognize its administration from the remainder of the players in the development business given the wild finish as of now experienced by the organization. The task will support the nature of University positioning dependent on improved understudy review results on account of expanded fulfillment levels. After understanding an arrival on the speculation, Coventry University can channel the returns into other venture activities to support its money related limit with respect to expanded turn of events. T he undertaking will bring about development of football ability at the University on account of expanded interest of understudies. Undertaking destinations Studies show that any task or action must be guided by appropriately neatens targets. These targets ought to agree to the characteristics, for example, quantifiability, accuracy, time span, and feasibility. The task foresees satisfying various destinations after its fulfillment of the development. These destinations incorporate the accompanying: To build the present number of understudy investment in football exercises at Coventry University by at any rate 60% before the finish of December 2013. To give a great playing office for the understudies before the finish of December 2013 To guarantee proficient administration of time during the whole undertaking time frame To keep up exclusive expectations of practical natural wellbeing all through the venture time frame To guarantee high security at the building site consistently to li mit site wounds To create and distribute the development structures and plans inside the initial 5 months of the arranging time frame To guarantee that the task cost is inside the planned measure of 3 million pounds To guarantee appropriate responsibility and the executives of undertaking finances Project Sponsor, customer and venture administrator Project Client Coventry University will possess the task under proposed development subsequently, the Coventry University will be the customer to the task Project Sponsor Coventry University will support the venture exclusively from its accessible assets. Despite the fact that the customer will re-appropriate administrations from the outer development organization, it will give some significant work from its structure and plan division. The undertaking support and the task administrator will direct audit gatherings inside which they will think on the venture destinations, expectations, and spending plan. Venture director The undertaking t rough will remain the general administrator of the task all through the length of the task. The task director will effectively design, actualize, screen, assess, and control the undertaking viewpoints. The undertaking trough will be the facilitator between the task and the support through readiness of the week after week progress reports to the greatest advantage of the customer and in accordance with the venture standards.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Scope The task will involve the essential arranging and plan of the development of the football pitch. The conclusion of the task will be dependent upon appropriate fruition review and amendment where important to guarantee consistence with the set expectations. The undertaking will incorporate stages inside which to achieve explicit expectations talked about beneath. Task D eliverables To give playing ground and office that is less expensive by at any rate 15% contrasted with offices gave by the close by private grounds. To give a venture Gannt graph that diagrams the undertaking calendar of exercises and their culmination time. To convey maintainable natural wellbeing during the venture span To fuse numerous safety efforts that incorporate CCTV and other robotized get to methodology. To plan the best strategy that can decide and deliver the most secure and sterile conditions Project Stakeholders Budget The undertaking proposes an all out spending of roughly 3 million pounds. These sums have been partitioned into explicit work bundles with a perspective on keeping up consistency and responsibility of the assets. The undertaking proposes a 15% gradual spending sum because of foreseen changes in the spending dependent on the accepted factors, for example, expansion and increasing expenses of work. Notwithstanding, the modifications and extra usage will b e subject basic assessment and endorsement from the undertaking chief. The anticipated spending variety will be inside the scope of positive or negative 15% of the all out venture esteem (+or †15%). Anticipated task Budget Amount ( £) Planning and structure 630,000 materials and work supplies 900,000 Site development necessities 1,100,000 Pre and post development Monitoring and examinations 300,000 Closure of the undertaking 70,000 Total Spending 3,000,000 Total in addition to extra room burning through (15%) 3,450,000 Organizational Breakdown Structure Advertising Searching for coursework on venture the board? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Task Risks The undertaking group will look to distinguish expected dangers via cautiously checking the fundamental venture segments. This procedure targets guaranteeing that makeshift measures are set up to stay away from the hazard misfortunes or moderate the dangers through possibility measures. The table beneath sums up the potential task dangers during the venture length. Potential Risks Actions to alleviate the Identified Risks Insufficient Funding The task will use the administrations of the lead venture bookkeepers and budgetary controllers to guarantee compelling and productive use and responsibility for reserves. Exacting spending guidelines

Case Analysis Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd Essay

Presentation The Classification between a self employed entity and worker has raised various issues all through the previous 50 years. Neglecting to make a compelling convention to be applied by the courts to a specific case, it has lead to business vulnerability through Australia. This article will investigation Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 choice with respect to the high court process in recognizing whether there was a connection between the business of manager/representative or boss/self employed entity. Realities While working for Brodribb Sawmilling Co, Stevens and Gray were utilized by Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd as a trucker and snigger. During 1985, while Gray was moving a Log onto Stevens truck, the log tumbled off and moved off the truck, therefore, Stevens was injured1. These truckers and sniggers utilized their own vehicles, worked during the time they set out, were paid by the measure of timber conveyed and didn't deduct annual duty installments2. The two representatives possessed and utilized their own gear and vehicles, were never ensured work from the Sawmill3 and were allowed to look for other work if factors, for example, the climate kept them from working4. Issue 1. To set up whether Gray and Stevens were representatives or self employed entities while utilized by Sawmilling Co. Method of reasoning Decidendi The legitimate rule that the High Court applied in Stevens5, with respect to worker/self employed entity, was the ‘multiple indicia test’. This test is utilized to recognize various standards that the court can utilize, while recognizing representatives or temporary workers. With respect to Stevens, Control was weighed as the noteworthy factor when settling on representative/contractual worker during the case. Judgment and Analysis Stevens6 was held for Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd, arranging the two asâ independent contractual workers through the use of the ‘indicia’. The test was initially settled in 1968 in the UK 7, perceiving various models to be utilized while surveying connections. The test was built up because of a breakdown of the past test, the control test, which had been seen as progressively fit to the social states of prior occasions, getting out of date in current society8. It was discovered that because of mechanical turns of events, the control test had gotten conflicting with the maintenance of compelling control9, as representatives aptitudes presently surpass that of their bosses 10. This implied by utilizing the utilization of the ‘indicia’ test, Stevens would have the option to decide the connection between the two laborers. While applying the test in Stevens, the result of the courts choice neglected to explain which rules was to be utilized while deciding future cases. Stevens had adjusted its proportion from past cases, taking a gander at the entire connection between the people, settling on a choice on balance11 through the use of the specific standards; the relationship of ace and worker, method of compensation, arrangement and upkeep of gear, commitment to work, hours or work, reasoning of personal duty and the designation of work by the employee12. This left an issue open for translation, the weight that the court applied to the diverse ‘indicia’ on a specific case13. Past cases before Stevens offered little assistance in characterizing the connection between the business and contractual worker, as the legitimate idea remains to a great extent vague aside from regarding the different indicia, which shifts between cases 14. In present day society numerous businesses don’t process the information to have the option to instruct their representatives, neglecting to address qualification between the connection between boss/employee15. Stevens’ choice utilized control as the huge factor when deciding control, gauging the parity in favor that they were temporary workers. In this way, when endeavoring to make a judgment between representative/contractual worker, it very well may be deceiving for future situations where control isn’t the critical factor, as it is close to a manual for the presence of th e connection among ace and hireling. Moreover, Stevens was independently employed, accordingly in playing out his agreement, he utilized his own devices, which demonstrates that he was not a servant16. However, Stevens puts too little accentuation on what characterizes a contractual workers apparatuses, which was seen in 2001 Hollis v Vabu17. The court applied the legitimate standards held in Stevens18, anyway held that the dispatch was a worker, not a contractual worker. In spite of the fact that the dispatches gave their own instruments and hardware, it really included ‘little capital expense as such apparatuses were able for use as a messenger, yet could be utilized for other general purposes’19. This gives an incredible case of the weight that Hollis puts on another specific rules that the test, when applied in Stevens, had the option to successfully set up whether they were contractual workers, however left a lot of open, prompting business vulnerability. Effect on Subsequent Cases The effects that followed Stevens20 saw significant changes in the Industrial Relations Act 1988, the Superannuation Guarantee Act 1992 and the risk to deduct pay as your win installments21. Organizations began maintaining a strategic distance from the legal commitments owed to their representatives, setting aside to 17% by characterizing its workers as contractors22. Therefore a totally new industry rose, endeavoring to exploit the multi-test, organizing their business so it gave off an impression of being one of manager to self employed entity, at that point boss to employee23. The results of this was accordingly observed in Vabu v Taxation24, having abstained from housing superannuation ensure explanations, Vabu was seen as blameworthy of keeping away from the base degree of installment of superannuation for the entirety of its couriers25. Future and Commercial ramifications The business suggestions that emerged structure Stevens26 discovered huge companies utilizing the limit of the Multi-Test to ‘minimise social pay costs, giving legitimate approval to the organizations to group workers as contractors’27. These people became substitute representatives, still heavily influenced by these companies, with the ‘formality of opportunity as a deceptive trap’28. Accordingly this has implied, that by applying Stevens multifaceted test, a larger number of times than less, the kind of laborer will be named a self employed entity, which implies they will just have restricted rights under the Act 29. By unjustly marking representatives, it can have possibly genuine ramifications for the business, opening up claimsâ for out of line excusal, vicarious risk, potential arraignment and money related punishments, specific with respect to company’s inability to pay tax30. The impact of Stevens has implied that numerous organizations are currently presented to taking care of a huge number of dollars to the legislature from past taxes31. End In end there appears that the Multi-Indicia test is without its shortcomings, however it is without question that Stevens32 was a self employed entity. Anyway moving along without any more enactment, further advancements as to the worker or self employed entity will be constrained to the understanding of the test by future adjudicators, as organizations will attempt to keep on staying away from installments and obligatory advantages to its employee’s. Book index Case Law Government Commissioner for Taxation v J Walter Thompson Pty Ltd (1944) 69 CLR 227 (at 231) Hollis V Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21 Jackson and Wilson v Monadelphous Engineering Associates Pty Ltd (1997) 42 AILR 3-658 Leichhardt Municipal Council v. Montgomery (2005) NSWCA 432 Prepared Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968) 2 QB 497 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 Interpreters Agency Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2011) FCA 366 Vabu Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1996) 81 IR 150 Vabu Pty Ltd V FC 96 ATC 4898 Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd (1955) 93 CLR 561 Enactment Reasonable Work Act 2009 (Cth) Self employed entities Bill 2006 (Cth) Modern Relations Act 1988 (Cth) Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 (Cth) Articles/Books/Journals Carrigan, F. ‘A Blast From the Past: The Resurgence of Legal Formalism’ (2003) 27 (1) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 Catanzanti, J. ‘Two limbed test recognizes workers from contractors’ (2011) 49 (6) Law Society Journal 52-56 Chan, T. E. ‘Organisational Liability in a medicinal services system’ (2010) 18 (3) Torts Law Journal, 228 Jawline, D. ‘Losing Control: the Difference Between Employees and Independent Contractors after Vabu v Commissioner of Taxation’ (1996) 52 Law Society Journal 52 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent Contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb ensure laborers who are semi employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 Franklin, G., Lilburne, R. ‘Joint Employment: Possible traps with the utilization of work recruit in the assets industry’ (2005) Australian Mining and Petroleum Law Association Yearbook 275-299 Gava, J., ‘Another oldie but a goodie or why the left should grasp severe legalism: an answer to Frank Carrigan’ 27 (1) (2003) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 Jay, D. J. ‘Employees and Independent temporary workers, (1999) 73 Australian Law Journal Volume 30-34 Lockton, D. Work Law (fourth ed. 2005) 137 Marshall, B. ‘Working it out †Employee or free contractor’ (2006) 12 (5) The National Legal Eagle 14-19 Nieuwenhuysen, J. ‘Towards adaptability in scholarly work markets?’ (1985) 11 Australian Bulletin of Labor 271-81 Steckfuss, K. ‘The Regulation of Unpaid Superannuation Contributions: The Inspector-General of Taxation’s Review into the ATO’s Administration of the Superan

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 vgajic / E / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Behavioral Therapy Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning View All Back To Top In behavioral therapy, the goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones. Behavioral therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment. The techniques used in this type of treatment are based on the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. One important thing to note about the various behavioral therapies is that unlike some other types of therapy that are rooted in insight (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies), behavioral therapy is action-based. Behavioral therapists are focused on using the same learning strategies that led to the formation of unwanted behaviors. Because of this, behavioral therapy tends to be highly focused. The behavior itself is the problem and the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate the issue. Old learning led to the development of a problem and so the idea is that new learning can fix it. There are also three major areas that also draw on the strategies of behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy relies on behavioral techniques but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts that lie behind behaviors.Applied behavior analysis utilizes operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviors.Social learning theory centers on how people learn through observation. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. A Brief Background Edward Thorndike was one of the first to refer to the idea of modifying behavior. Other early pioneers of behavior therapy included psychologists Joseph Wolpe and Hans Eysenck. Behaviorist B.F. Skinners work had a major influence on the development of behavior therapy and his work introduced many of the concepts and techniques that are still in use today. Later on, psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis began adding a cognitive element to behavioral strategies to form a treatment approach known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Foundation of Behavioral Therapy In order to understand how behavioral therapy works, lets start by exploring the two basic principles that contribute to behavioral therapy: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. After repeated pairings, an association is formed and the previously neutral stimulus will come to evoke the response on its own. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement and punishment can be utilized to either increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior. Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Behavior Therapy Based on Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one way to alter behavior, and a number of techniques exist that can produce such change. Originally known as behavior modification, this type of therapy is often referred to today as applied behavior analysis. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to therapy include: Flooding This process involves exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. It is often used to treat phobias, anxiety and other stress-related disorders. During the process, the individual is prevented from escaping or avoiding the situation. For example, flooding might be used to help a client who is suffering from an intense fear of dogs. At first, the client might be exposed to a small friendly dog for an extended period of time during which he or she cannot leave. After repeated exposures to the dog during which nothing bad happens, the fear response begins to fade. Systematic Desensitization This technique involves having a client make a list of fears and then teaching the individual to relax while concentrating on these fears. The use of this process began with psychologist John B. Watson and his famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat. Later, Mary Cover Jones replicated Watsons results and utilized counterconditioning techniques to desensitize and eliminate the fear response. Systematic desensitization is often used to treat phobias. The process follows three basic steps. First, the client is taught relaxation techniques.Next, the individual creates a ranked list of fear-invoking situations.Starting with the least fear-inducing item and working their way up to the most fear-inducing item, the client confronts these fears under the guidance of the therapist while maintaining a relaxed state. For example, an individual with a fear of the dark might start by looking at an image of a dark room before moving on to thinking about being in a dark room and then actually confronting his fear by sitting in a dark room. By pairing the old fear-producing stimulus with the newly learned relaxation behavior, the phobic response can be reduced or even eliminated. Aversion Therapy This process involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced. For example, someone suffering from alcoholism might utilize a drug known as disulfiram, which causes severe symptoms such as headaches, nausea, anxiety, and vomiting when combined with alcohol. Because the person becomes extremely ill when they drink, the drinking behavior may be eliminated. How Aversion Therapy Works to Fix Unwanted Behaviors Behavior Therapy Based on Operant Conditioning Many behavior techniques rely on the principles of operant conditioning, which means that they utilize reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling and related techniques to alter behavior. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means that they can produce fast and effective results. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to behavioral therapy include: Token Economies This type of behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items. Parents and teachers often use token economies to reinforce good behavior. Kids earn tokens for engaging in preferred behaviors and may even lose tokens for displaying undesirable behaviors. These tokens can then be traded for things such as candy, toys, or extra time playing with a favorite toy. Contingency Management This approach utilizes a formal written contract between the client and the therapist that outlines the behavior change goals, reinforcements, and rewards that will be given and the penalties for failing to meet the demands of the agreement. These types of agreements arent just used by therapistsâ€"teachers and parents also often use them with students and children in the form of behavior contracts. Contingency contracts can be very effective in producing behavior changes since the rules are spelled out clearly in black-and-white, preventing both parties from backing down on their promises. Modeling This technique involves learning through observation and modeling the behavior of others. The process is based on Albert Banduras social learning theory, which emphasizes the social components of the learning process. Rather than relying simply on reinforcement or punishment, modeling allows individuals to learn new skills or acceptable behaviors by watching someone else perform those desired skills. In some cases, the therapist might model the desired behavior. In other instances, watching peers engage in sought-after behaviors can also be helpful. Extinction Another way to produce behavior change is to stop reinforcing a behavior in order to eliminate the response. Time-outs are a perfect example of the extinction process. During a time-out, a person is removed from a situation that provides reinforcement. For example, a child who starts yelling or striking other children would be removed from the play activity and required to sit quietly in a corner or another room where there are no opportunities for attention and reinforcement. By taking away the attention that the child found rewarding, the unwanted behavior is eventually extinguished. How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology A Word From Verywell When it comes to treating specific behavioral issues, behavioral therapy can sometimes be more effective than other approaches. Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are examples of problems that respond well to behavioral treatments. However, it is important to note that behavioral approaches are not always the best solution. For example, behavioral therapy is generally not the best approach when treating certain serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Behavioral therapy might be effective at helping clients manage or cope with certain aspects of these psychiatric conditions, but should be used in conjunction with other medical and therapeutic treatments recommended by a medical doctor, psychologist or psychiatrist. The Best Online Therapy Services

Comparison Of Marcus Garvey And David Duke Essay - 1063 Words

Racial issues have always been debated and followed by many people throughout the history of America and will continue to be for a long time. Along with these debates come movements and with movements come leaders. Two well-known leaders of racially driven movements are Marcus Garvey and David Duke. Garvey was a black man looking to forward his fellow black manamp;#8217;s financial state and living conditions, and he became a leader for his movement. Duke is a white man who feels that with all of the racial diversity in this country the white race is being mistreated and destroyed, and became a leader for a more extreme group of believers. These two extraordinary men can be compared and contrasted with respect to their groups, views,†¦show more content†¦Both men believe that blacks and whites should be segregated. Garvey is known as a separatist and is famous for the amp;#8220;back to Africa; movement. (Robinson 193) He felt it was hopeless to depend on whites and to try to integrate into the white society because they, like any racial group would continue to protect their own self-interests. (The Road 7) One of Garveyamp;#8217;s goals was to set up a black nation-state in Africa in which blacks owned their own businesses and had their own separate political and economic base. He opened up the Black Star Line as transportation for blacks to go back to Africa in order to accomplish this goal. Each of his ships met disaster after disaster and his goal was crushed. David Duke was similar to Garvey in his views. Duke felt that the black race and white race should not be inter-mixed. He said of Klan philosophy amp;#8220;Specifically weamp;#8217;re totally opposed to integration. We think integration has only caused hatred and violence between races. We think races should be separated...; (Sims 168) Duke was an intelligent young man who read lots of books, magazines, and gathers various information. His father was racist and so was Duke. Duke claims that as a child he was pro-integration but after reading the novel Race and Reason and doing various research he felt that the white race was the genetically superior race. Duke said, Race and Reason was amp;#8220;the first eloquent challenge to forcedShow MoreRelated Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 Pagespolitical message, in general form, is presented through music. Protest music addresses the social, political, and economic conditions of the times and often speaks directly to the listeners experience (King 20). In the following pages, a general comparison will be made between the evolution and effects of the blues, jazz, reggae music, and hip-hop, with a focus on reggae and hip-hop. According to musicologist Rod Gruver, life for the lower-class Negro in America in the early 1900s was completelyRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesthe early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the United States quite an amazing thing. Those who would presage the arrival of Rastafarianism also witnessed andRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages24/7 FAQs, online chat, and phone support www.wileyplus.com/support Your WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate

The Broadway Musical Hamilton By Lin Manuel Miranda

Oftentimes people have a difficult time connecting with history. They do not see the relevance between something hundreds of years ago and today’s issues. The Broadway musical Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda does a great job of bridging that gap. Many of the issues that were faced in the time period of Alexander Hamilton are also faced in the world today. An example of this is politicians riding the fence on important issues. A main character in the play is criticized greatly for doing this just as people are currently. In Miranda’s Hamilton, characters are faced with issues and are asked to take a stand just as political leaders are today. Hamilton had a rough childhood and did not have many opportunities where he came from. His family, friends, and neighbors decided that he needed to go to the mainland to get an education. It was then that he was able to make a name for himself and he began to climb the social and political ladders. 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LIZ Their first child, Sebastian Miranda, was born in 2014 and as Lin is often tweeting, is stepping into the art world. His constant display of affection shows us that Sebastian and his new

Cross-Cultural Communication Game Free Essays

Introduction Cross cultural communication becomes an essential element in the organization because of the increase and interest in globalization and the diversity in the work environments. The employees in the company will be separated into diverse groups and sub-groups, those groups will have their own verbal and non-verbal communication styles which may create disagreement or conflict within the organization, especially in the multinational company. Objectives of the game The major goals of the games are: I) Introducing to a group about communication pattern change when there are cultural differences, II) Understanding both cultural behaviors and communication patterns can impact negotiation between two groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross-Cultural Communication Game or any similar topic only for you Order Now Equipment and materials required In terms of resources needed, an overhead projector, a computer and blackboard are needed during the game. Also, paper and gifts would be prepared too. Procedure 1. Divide the students into two groups which are Alpha group and Beta group, they will have a paper showing their own characteristics in the game 2. Choose two leaders in Alpha group and two leaders in Beta group 3. Solve the distribution of reward problem in their own group first. The first round discussion will be recorded by the game holder. 4. After 10 minutes, half of the members in each group will exchange to another group, they will discuss the problem again. They will have cross cultural communication through the group exchanging. The discussion will be recorded by the game holder. 5. Based on the above discussion, each group requires to reporting the results of the negotiation. Time allocation Our management game is â€Å"Alpha-Beta partnership†. Firstly, 3-5 minutes would be allocated on giving students the background information and objectives of the game, and separating them into 2 groups. Then 22 minutes would be the management game session. Lastly, the rest of time would be used to be a debriefing session and a simple conclusion on the management game. Activities| Time spend| Introduction| 3 minutes| Dividing into groups| 2 minutes| Game on Alpha-Beta partnership| 22 minutes(2 minutes for them to exchange)| Conclusion and feedback| 10 minutes| Reference: http://books. google. com. hk/books? id=49L0vgdcdLACpg=PA11hl=zh-CNsource=gbs_toc_rcad=4#v=onepageqf=false How to cite Cross-Cultural Communication Game, Essay examples

The problem of knowledge Essay Example For Students

The problem of knowledge Essay There is a physical sound present, but there is no sound experience. It is logical to think that things occur even if there is nobody to see/hear/taste them since changes can be observed (If you leave a burning paper and come later, it will be burnt) The tables in the classroom Do tables dance when nobody is around? It is improbable for such a thing to exist, therefore it is considered false, since it is impossible to prove. Theories of reality Common-sense realism the world is the way we perceive it (What you see it what is there) Scientific realism The world exists independently but is different from what we perceive it as (Atoms in the void) Phenomenalism We can only know what we perceive (to be is to be perceived Most theories suggest the existence of an independently existing reality (Things happen also without people). We will write a custom essay on The problem of knowledge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Reason Using reason we gain knowledge that is beyond the immediate evidence of our senses. Rationalism school of philosophy according to which reason is the most important source of knowledge even more than experience Premises The assumptions in logic, conclusions follow from them Fallacies invalid patterns of reasoning Deductive reasoning i Moving from the general to the particular. Syllogisms A kind of argument that includes: Two premises and a conclusion Three terms, each occurring twice Quantifiers (all, some, no) Truth = a property of statements Validity = a property of arguments An argument is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the premises and invalid when it doesnt. Trueness is independent on validity. The structure of arguments Validity of a syllogism doesnt depend on the words used but on the structure. It is possible to substitute the elements for anything else and the validity wont change. (A - B is the same as seeds-plants when speaking of validity). A fallacy called brief bias is based on concentrating not on the structure but the words themselves which may lead to false conclusions. Venn diagrams are a useful tool when deciding whether a syllogism is valid. However, Venn diagrams contain extra information which should NOT be considered as given in the first place. Deductive reasoning preserves truth if the premises are both true then the conclusion must be true. Enthymeme = an incomplete argument (e. g. Jenny goes to Oxford so she must be intelligent) All deductive reasoning is based on inductive reasoning experience Inductive reasoning i Moving from the particular to the general Is based on experience and observation which allows to draw conclusions Deduction and induction compared Deduction Reasoning from general to particular All metals expand when heated A is a metal -A expands when heated More certain, less information than Induction How reliable is inductive reasoning? Sometimes we make hasty generalizations. Sometimes, even well supported inductions are proved wrong. Confirmation bias people only see things supporting their theories and ignore exceptions. Good generalizations 1) Number need to look at a large number of examples to be able to make a generalization 2) Variety variety of circumstances different types 3) Exceptions actively look at counter-examples 4) Coherence more evidence for unlikely things 5) Subject area some areas are more certain than others (mathsbiology) Informal Reasoning The ten deadly fallacies: Ad ignorantiam Hasty generalization Post hoc ergo propter hoc Ad hominem Circular reasoning Special pleading Equivocation False analogy Claiming something is true because it cannot be proved false Generalizing from insufficient evidence Confusing a correlation with a causal connection Attacking/supporting the person rather than the argument. .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .postImageUrl , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:hover , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:visited , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:active { border:0!important; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:active , .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386 .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03b68e5b510e46073a2dfdef39ea1386:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Snow Goose Overpopulation EssayAssuming the truth of what you are supposed to be proving Using double standards to excuse an individual or a group Using language ambiguously Assuming that because two things are alike in some aspects, they are alike in others Assuming that only two black and white alternatives exist A question that is biased because it contains a built in assumption Post hoc ergo propter hoc The fact that two things follow after each other doesnt necessarily mean that one is the cause of the other. (e. g. Day is not the cause of night) Ad hominem fallacy (against the man) Not arguing attacking/supporting the person. (e. g. What do YOU know about it? Youre just a child! / Obama says it so it must be right) Circular reasoning (vicious circle / begging the question) Arguing with the thing that needs to be proven. (e. g. God must exist because dictated wrote the bible) Special pleading Exceptions for certain people (e. g. politician immunity) Equivocation Word used in two different ways in an argument (A hamburger is better than nothing and nothing is better than good health = hamburger is better than good health) Argument ad ignorantiam Saying something is true on the basis thet it cannot be proved wrong. God exists. Do you have any proof that he does? Do you have any proof that he does not? So he must. False analogy Using analogies that are not logically correct only a rhetorical device (e. g. comparing rain to human problems) False dilemma Only putting something as black and white suggesting binary thinking when there are other options as well (e. g. You either climb that tree or you will NEVER conquer your fear! ) Loaded questions Questions that contain suggestions and cannot be answered in a yes/no manner while not telling anything. (e. g. Do you always cheat on your exams? ) Causes of bad reasoning The main reasons are ignorance, laziness, pride and prejudice. We misuse rhetorical skills in order to persuade people sometimes we even argue about things which we know are wrong rather than coming to the correct conclusion. Reason and certainty Laws of thought: The law of identity If A then A. The law of non-contradiction If A is A then it is not non-A The law of the excluded middle Everything is either A or non-A. Nothing is both. Can deductive reasoning be doubted? Reason is a matter of faith Some things are unsure and unable to be categorized properly (day/night) Everything is constantly changing? Can inductive reasoning be doubted? Induction is hard to apply for all rather than all observed Prison of consistency When you take a position on something, it is difficult to change it without losing face or to look at it from a different perspective. (It is hard to find errors in my own test) .